Clearwater West - Hypervelocity Impact Crater

Alternate Names West Clearwater
Local Language Lac Wiyâshâkimî
Coordinates 56° 12' 45" N; 74° 31' 39" W
Notes
  1. 112 km E of Hudson Bay and 200 km NE of Poste-de-la-Baleine in northern Quebec.
Country Canada
Region Quebec
Date Confirmed 1964
Notes
  1. Suggested to be of impact origin based on air photos (Beals et al., 1956). First report of shatter cones was in 1964 (Dence, 1964).
Buried? No
Notes
  1. Some post-crater-fill, within the lake.
Drilled? Yes
Notes
  1. 5 holes have been drilled within the island ring. General descriptions in (Dence et al., 1965).
Target Type Mixed
Notes
  1. Archean granodiorite, quartz monzonites, and granitic gneisses, with minor mafic granulite and meta-grabbro with a thin cover of Middle-Upper Ordovician limestones (Ogilvie et al., 1984). (Rosa et al., 2010) describe "thin veneer" of "totally eroded" Paleozoic dolomitic limestone that was present at time of impact.
Sub-Type Gneiss, Granodiorite, Limestone, Monzonite
Apparent Crater Diameter (km) 36 km
Age (Ma) 286.2 ± 2.6
Notes :
  1. 286.2 ± 2.6 Ma determined by 40Ar/39Ar of 2 samples of melt rock (Schmeider et al., 2015). Previous age constraints: 300 ± 30 Ma and 285 ± 30 Ma derived from K-Ar whole rock ages of the melt rocks (Wanless et al., 1965). 280 ± 2 Ma (Bottomley et al., 1990).

Method :
  1. 40Ar/39Ar
Impactor Type Unknown
Notes
  1. No meteorite component has been detected in the melt rocks (Palme et al., 1978).

Advanced Data Fields

Notes

Erosion
4
  1. Glaciation has removed the ejecta and the rim, leaving only some of the melt sheet and breccia (Simonds et al., 1978).
Final Rim Diameter
Unknown
Apparent Rim Diameter
36 km
  1. Dimensions based on digital terrain model (Hische, 1994).
Rim Reliability Index
2
  1. The lake fills an annular trough surrounding a ring of islands which reflect the eroded centrally uplifted rocks (Wood and Head, 1976).
Crater Morphology
Complex
Central Uplift Diameter
8km
Central Uplift Height
Unknown
Uplift Reliability Index
2
Structural Uplift
Unknown
Thickness of Seds
Target Age
Precambrian Palaeozoic
Marine
No
Impactor Type
  1. No meteorite component has been detected in the melt rocks (Palme et al., 1978).
Other Shock Metamorphism
Maskelynite Planar features Pressure
  1. (Dence, 1964) (Bunch et al., 1967) (Bostock, 1969). Planar features in quartz samples from central islands (Simonds et al., 1978) (Part I). Planar features mentioned in: Table 1. Distribution of Shock features in Quartz and Feldspar clasts (Phinney et al., 1978). Minerals at different stages of shock metamorphism (Dence et al., 1974). Peak shock pressures of 200-250 kb (Simonds et al., 1978).
Shatter Cones
Yes
  1. Poorly-formed shatter cones occur in the island ring (Grieve, 2006). Shatter cones in gneisses (Fig. 8) (Dence, 1964). Shattered granite passes into microbreccias having numerous deformation lamellas in the quartz (McIntyre, 1962). Shatter cones preserved in the fractured basement on the island ring 6-10 km from the centre (Simonds et al., 1978) (Part I). Poorly formed shatter cones on the central islands with axes that appear to plunge at more than 45° (Simonds et al., 1978) (Part I).
Planar Fractures
Yes
  1. Fig. 9 (Robertson et al., 1968) shows a quartz grain "non-decorated cleavage fractures" {1011} orientation. Fig.6 (Robertson et al., 1968) shows a quartz grain with shear fractures that continue in the adjoining plagioclase grain as a number of curved surfaces, and decorated PDFs.
Planar Deformation Features
Yes
  1. PDF in quartz grains (Simonds et al., 1978) (Bostock, 1969) (Ogilvie et al., 1984), with peak shock pressures of 200 to 250 kb (Simonds et al., 1978). PDFs in quartz common in the more granitic rocks from the island ring (Fig. 4.6b) (Grieve, 2006). PDFs in feldspar and quartz clasts of allochthonous breccia overlying the fractured basement rock (Grieve, 2006). Angular quartz fragments within granitic microbreccias show an extraordinary richness in various PDFs (McIntyre, 1968). Fig. 9 (Robertson et al., 1968) shows a quartz grain with decorated planar features (ω). ***See Table 1 for class two planar feature (PDF Types and orientations). Planar elements in shocked quartz grains from Clearwater Lake and the Ries basin are parallel to {OOOI I, {lOI31, {WIlL {IOI21, {IOIOI (Engelhardt et al., 1968). PDFs in quartz and pyroxenes (Scott et al., 1997). **see (Stoffler, 1972) (Stoffler, 1974).
Diaplectic Glass
Yes
  1. The metagabbro of the central islands contains maskelynite (Fig. 4.6a) (Grieve, 2006). Maskelynite in clasts of allochthonous breccia overlying the fractured basement rock (Grieve, 2006). "Samples from central island display partial to complete transformation of feldspar to maskelynite" (Simonds et al., 1978) (Part I). Very fresh gabbro with maskelynite (Palme et al., 1978). Maskelynite, see Table 1. Distribution of Shock features in Quartz and Feldspar clasts (Phinney et al., 1978). Presence of maskelynite (shock-vitrified plagioclase) in drill core (Rosa, 2004). Maskelynite and diaplectic quartz (Scott et al., 1997).
Coesite
No
Stisovite
No
Crater Fill
LB, MB, M
Proximal Ejecta
Distal Ejecta
Dykes
Volume of Melt
80 km3
Depth of Melting

References

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C H Simonds, W C Phinney, P E McGee, A Cochran (1978) West Clearwater, Quebec impact structure; Part I, Field geology, structure, and bulk chemistry, Proceedings of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference(9, Vol. 2), R B Merrill (ed.), p. 2633-2658, Pergamon, New York, NY, url

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J M Espindola, M Mena, M de la Fuente, J O Campos-Enriquez (1995) A model of the Chicxulub impact structure (Yucatan, Mexico) based on its gravity and magnetic signatures, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 92(3-4), p. 271-278, Elsevier, Amsterdam, url

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Sankar Chatterjee (1995) The KT impact event; new links between the Chicxulub and the Shiva craters, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(3, Suppl.), Kevin Padian (ed.), p. 23, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, url

S L Kamo, T E Krogh (1995) Chicxulub Crater source for shocked zircon crystals from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary layer, Saskatchewan; evidence from new U-Pb data, Geology (Boulder) 23(3), p. 281-284, Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, url, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0281:CCSFSZ>2.3.CO;2

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