Chicxulub - Hypervelocity Impact Crater

Alternate Names
Local Language
Coordinates 21° 18' 42" N; 89° 25' 53" W
Notes
  1. NE Yucatan Penninsula, Mexico. centreed near the coastal town of Chicxulub, Puerto.
Country Mexico
Region Yucatan
Date Confirmed 1991
Notes
  1. Confirmed by tektites in ejecta, breccias which contain PDF\'s within the stratigraphy of the crater and at the crater edge (Hildebrand et al., 1991). Also see (Kring and Boynton, 1992).
Buried? Yes
Notes
  1. Covered by a thick layer (~1 km) (Ortiz et al., 1993) of Tertiary sedimentary rocks, mainly limestone (Koeberl, 1993).
Drilled? Yes
Notes
  1. By Petroleos Mexicanos (UNAM and ICDP driilling). One core drilled 28 Dec 2001 to 25 Feb 2002 to depth ~1511 m (http://www-icdp.icdp-online.org/front_content.php?idcat=716). Second core drilled April to May 2016 with drilled length ~1331 m (http://www.icdp-online.org/projects/world/north-and-central-america/chicxulub-2/details/)
Target Type Mixed
Notes
  1. Palaeozoic crystalline basement, overlain by ~3 km of Cretaceous limestone, dolomite, evaporites. Target rocks supposedly dominated by carbonates and evaporites (Upper and Middle Cretaceous) several kilometers thick and granite gneiss basement (probably Palaeozoic) (Hildebrand et al., 1991).
Sub-Type Carbonate, Evaporite, Metamorphic
Apparent Crater Diameter (km) 180 km
Age (Ma) 66.038 ± 0.098
Notes :
  1. 66.038 ± 0.098 Ma (2σ), determined by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of glass spherules by (Renne et al. 2013). Previous age constraints: Previous 40Ar/39Ar work yielded the following (all recalculated using the parameters of Renne et al., 2010, 2011): 65.52 ± 0.184 Ma , from (Izett et al., 1991) on impact glass spherules from Beloc 66.030 ± 0.134 Ma (2σ), from (Swisher et al. 1992), on impact melt rocks 66.061 ± 0.182 Ma, from (Swisher et al., 1992) on impact glass spherules from Beloc and Arroyo el Mimbral 66.004 ± 0.180 Ma, from (Dalrymple et al. 1993) on impact glass spherules from Beloc 67.1 ± 0.8 Ma, from (Sharpton et al. 1992) on impact melt rock 66.030 ± 0.134 Ma, from (Swisher et al. 1992) on impact melt rock U-Pb analyses on zircons from impact melt rocks and ejecta have found age ranges of 57.3 ± 4 Ma to 69 ± 0.6 Ma interpreted to be Pb loss ages associated with Chicxulub (e.g., Christeson et. al., 2018; Kamo et. al., 2011; Kamo and Krogh, 1995; Krogh et. al., 1993a, b; Rasmussen et. al., submitted.; Schmieder et. al., 2018c) Other relevant literature regarding timing of events around the Chicxulub impact: (Sprain et al., 2015) (Clyde et al., 2016) (Renne et al., 2018) (Sprain et al., 2018)

Method :
  1. 40Ar/39Ar
Impactor Type Unknown
Notes
  1. Small meteoritic component in the impact ejecta from 1870s/1880s analysis (Koeberl et al., 1994).

Advanced Data Fields

Notes

Erosion
2
  1. Some erosion of eject deposits (Hildebrand et al., 1993).
Final Rim Diameter
Unknown
Apparent Rim Diameter
180 km
  1. Other estimates have been given; 180 km, 210 km and 300 km (Hildebrand et al., 1994). See also estimates by (Sharpton et al., 1993) from gravity data. For peak height see (Penfield and Camargo, 1991).
Rim Reliability Index
2
  1. Subsurface zone of Cretaceous rocks with a multi-ring pattern evident in proprietary aeromagnetic data, arcuate-trending "ring of cenotes" or Karst features at surface level. 80 km-wide structural uplift based on seismic refraction data (Vermeesch and Morgan, 2008). (Hidelbrand et al., 1998) report a 50 km-wide central uplift. A peak-ring is also reported (Vermeesch and Morgan, 2004), (Gulick et al., 2017b), (Christeson et al., 2018), (Simpson et al., 2020).
Crater Morphology
Complex
Central Uplift Diameter
km
Central Uplift Height
Unknown
Uplift Reliability Index
2
Structural Uplift
Unknown
Thickness of Seds
≥3 km
Target Age
Palaeozoic Mesozoic
Marine
Yes
Impactor Type
  1. Small meteoritic component in the impact ejecta from 1870s/1880s analysis (Koeberl et al., 1994).
Other Shock Metamorphism
Reidite, FRIGN zircon, shock twin zircon
  1. Reidite: Zhao et al. (2021), Wittmann et al. (2021). Shock twin zircon: Cox et al. (2020), Zhao et al. (2021), Wittmann et al. (2021). FRIGN zircon: Cox et al. (2020), Zhao et al. (2021).
Shatter Cones
Yes
  1. Shatter cones reported in (Morgan et al., 2016) in drill core from the IODP -ICDP drill core obtained in 2016 at site M0077A.
Planar Fractures
No
Planar Deformation Features
Yes
  1. PDF in quartz grains (Boynton, 1991) (Hildebrand et al., 1991) (Kring et al., 1991) (Hildebrand et al., 1992) (Quezada Muneton et al., 1992). PDF in feldspar grains (Hildebrand and Boyton, 1991) (Quezada Muneton et al., 1992).
Diaplectic Glass
No
Coesite
Yes
  1. (Lounejeva et al., 2002)
Stisovite
No
Crater Fill
MB, M
  1. A drill core 126 km from the crater center shows ad two-layer stratigraphy with lithic breccias overlain by melt-rich impact melt-bearing breccias (Salge, 2007). A 20 mm thick spherule bed at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary was discovered in Gorgonilla Island, Colombia (Bermudez et al., 2016) (Bermudez et al., 2019) (Mateo et al., 2019). Spherules have also been reported in Central and North America and the Carribbean by (Smit et al. 1992) (Ocampo et al. 1996) (Olsson et al. 1997) (Norris et al. 1999) (Wigforss–Lange et al. 2007) (Schulte et al. 2010) (Keller et al. 2013).
Proximal Ejecta
LB, MB
Distal Ejecta
M, S
Dykes
Volume of Melt
Depth of Melting

References

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